Chaldean (or Chaldian) may refer to:

• Historical Babylon, particularly in a Hellenistic context
• Chaldea, "the Chaldees", Hellenistic designation for a part of Babylon
• The 11th dynasty of Babylon (6th century BC) is conventionally known as the Chaldean Dynasty
• Chaldean mythology, generalized term used to refer to all the mythologies of ancient Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylon (Mesopotamian religions)
• The Chaldean Oracles played a role in Hellenistic mystery religions of the 1st centuries BC and AD.
• Chaldean people, part of the Assyrian people (Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people frequently known as Assyrians, Syriacs, Syriac Christians, Suroye/Suryoye, Chaldeans, and other variants)
• The Khaldi (people), called Chaldeans by classical authors though unrelated to the contemporary Chaldean Christians

Language

• Chaldean Neo-Aramaic, a Northeastern Neo-Aramaic dialect spoken in Iraq, and the Chaldean communities worldwide, most speakers being Chaldean Iraqis
• "Chaldean script" is sometimes used to refer to the Syriac alphabet

Religion and Churches

• Chaldean Rite, an East Syrian Rite
• Chaldean Catholic Church (since 1553)
  • Chaldean Christians, Syriac people adherents of the Chaldean Catholic Church
• Chaldean Syrian Church, title used for the Church of the East in India